The second section covers elements of the EMS response itself, including the facilitation of bystander CPR and early defibrillation strategies. Because the overall structure, organization of services, and capabilities of EMS systems affect cardiac arrest care, the chapter begins with an overview of the EMS system, including discussion of the relevant personnel and oversight at the federal, state, and local levels. This chapter focuses on the EMS system's response to cardiac arrest and covers the EMS role across all of the links in the chain-of-survival model. Berg et al., 2010), including early recognition of a cardiac arrest by bystanders 1 and 911 call takers, as well as the delivery of initial treatments (i.e., CPR and defibrillation) by bystanders or trained first responders prior to the arrive of EMS providers (i.e., emergency medical technicians and paramedics).Īlthough the ability of an EMS system to respond effectively to cardiac arrest within a community depends to some extent on basic infrastructure and the training of EMS personnel, there are specific character-characteristics and capabilities of EMS systems that are correlated with higher cardiac arrest survival rates. Together, the first three steps comprise the fundamental actions within basic life support (BLS) strategies for cardiac arrest (R. This conceptual model illustrates the sequence of events that can optimize care and outcomes for the approximately 395,000 individuals who experience an OHCA in the United States each year ( Daya et al., 2015). This presents important challenges and opportunities to improve EMS system performance across the country.Īs described in Chapter 1, the chain of survival includes five interconnected links: (1) immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, (2) early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), (3) rapid defibrillation, (4) effective advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), and (5) integrated post-resuscitative care (M. Although a few EMS systems have demonstrated the ability to significantly increase survival rates ( Nichol et al., 2008 Sasson et al., 2010b), a fivefold difference in survival-to-discharge rates exists among communities in the United States ( Nichol et al., 2008). All remounts conducted after July 1, 2019, must meet the remount standards set forth in CAAS GVS 2.Overall outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), both in terms of survival and neurologic and functional ability, are poor: only 11 percent of patients treated by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel survive to discharge ( Daya et al., 2015 Vellano et al., 2015).This notice requires compliance with SAE J3043 in reference to equipment mounting and storage in the patient care compartment. The GSA Change Notice #9 went into effect on July 1, 2016.This notice requires compliance with SAE J3026 and J3027 for new production ambulances ordered after July 1, 2015, as well as some other minor clarifications to the document. The General Services Administration (GSA) Change Notice #8 went into effect July 1, 2015. ![]() ![]() ![]() The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 1917) Ground Vehicle Standards.The Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services Ground Vehicle Standards ( CAAS GVS 2.0 ).Intermediate and Advanced EMT Medication Formulary.Paramedic Additional Response Equipment List.Advanced Additional Response Equipment List.ALS Advanced Emergency Medical Services Personnel (EMSP) Equipment ListĪdditional Response Non-Transport Vehicle Equipment Lists. ![]() Advanced Life Support (ALS) Non-Transport Equipment Lists The new equipment lists will go into effect with the release of the new EMS Patient Care Protocols.
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